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Observed performance metrics in laboratory models
Observed performance metrics in laboratory models
Research summary on S23
S-23 is a Selective Androgen Receptor Modulator (SARM)
S-23 is a Selective Androgen Receptor Modulator (SARM) — notable for its high binding affinity and potential as a male contraceptive in research.
In research settings, it has been shown to:
✔ Increase lean muscle mass.
✔ Enhance strength output.
✔ Suppress fertility in male research models.
⚡ POTENT ANABOLIC EFFECTS:
S-23 has demonstrated significant anabolic activity in skeletal muscle.
📈 STRENGTH ENHANCEMENT:
Research subjects have shown measurable gains in maximal force production.
🚫 FERTILITY SUPPRESSION:
Acts on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis to reduce sperm production in animal models.
1.Alhalabi, Hana, Korsmeier, Linus, Thomas, Andreas, & Thevis, Mario (2025). Investigations Into the Urinary Metabolite Elimination Profile of the Selective Androgen Receptor Modulator S-23 in Studies Mimicking Contaminated Product Ingestion for Doping Control Purposes.. Biomedical chromatography : BMC.
https://doi.org/10.1002/bmc.70090
2.Ameline, Alice, Gheddar, Laurie, Raul, Jean-Sébastien, & Kintz, Pascal (2022). In vitro characterization of S-23 metabolites produced by human liver microsomes, and subsequent application to urine after a controlled oral administration.. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114660
3.Baptiste-Okoh, Nicole, Barsotti, Anthony M, & Prives, Carol (2008). A role for caspase 2 and PIDD in the process of p53-mediated apoptosis.. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0711800105
4. Beathard, Chase, Mooney, Sutton, Al-Saharin, Raed, Goyer, Aymeric, & Hellmann, Hanjo (2021). Characterization of . Frontiers in plant science.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.629208
5. Beekman, Jeffrey M (2016). Individualized medicine using intestinal responses to CFTR potentiators and correctors.. Pediatric pulmonology.
Research summary on Ostarine (also known as MK-2866).
Ostarine, also known as Enobosarm or MK-2866, is a non-steroidal selective androgen receptor modulator.
Ostarine (MK-2866) is a Selective Androgen Receptor Modulator (SARM) — which means it selectively binds to androgen receptors in muscle and bone tissue, promoting anabolic activity without the same level of androgenic effects seen with traditional anabolic steroids.
In research settings, it has been shown to:
✔ Increase lean muscle mass while in a caloric deficit.
✔ Improve muscle strength and functional performance
✔ Support bone density and joint health during periods of muscle atrophy risk.
📏 LEAN MUSCLE RETENTION:
In studies, Ostarine has demonstrated the ability to preserve and even increase lean muscle mass during periods of calorie restriction or immobilization, helping maintain strength and physical performance.
🛠️ BONE & JOINT SUPPORT:
Ostarine has shown positive effects on bone mineral density and may support joint health, potentially reducing injury risk during high-intensity training or rehabilitation.
⚡ FUNCTIONAL PERFORMANCE:
By enhancing anabolic signaling in muscle tissue, Ostarine can improve endurance, recovery rate, and overall functional output without significantly increasing water retention or fat mass.
1. Dalton JT et al., 2011 — Double-blind phase II in healthy elderly men & postmenopausal women
2. Dobs AS et al., 2013 — Phase II RCT in cancer patients with muscle wasting
3. Coss CC et al., 2016 — Clinical pharmacokinetic drug–drug interactionstudies
Research summary on YK-11 (also known as Myostatin Inhibitor YK-11).
YK-11 is a Selective Androgen Receptor Modulator (SARM)
YK-11 is a Selective Androgen Receptor Modulator (SARM) — unique for also acting as a myostatin inhibitor, potentially unlocking greater muscle growth.
In research settings, it has been shown to:
✔ Increase muscle cell differentiation and size.
✔ Reduce myostatin activity in muscle tissue.
✔ Support rapid strength development.
🚫 MYOSTATIN INHIBITION:
YK-11’s ability to down regulate myostatin expression may allow for greater muscle hypertrophy than SARMs without this effect.
⚡ ACCELERATED STRENGTH:
Research models indicate faster increases in muscular strength compared to baseline.
📈 CELLULAR GROWTH:
By promoting follistatin expression, YK-11 supports muscle cell development and repair.
1. Harding, Caitlin, Viljanto, Marjaana, Habershon-Butcher, Jocelyn, Taylor, Polly, & Scarth, James (2023). Equine metabolism of the selective androgen receptor modulator YK-11 in urine and plasma following oral administration.. Drug testing and analysis.
https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.3425
2. Jeong, Ji-Ho, Kim, Minseon, & Kim, Yongae (2021). NMR structural studies and mechanism of action of Lactophoricin analogs as antimicrobial peptides.. Biochimica et biophysica acta. Biomembranes.
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